Advances in quantum science and high-energy particle physics are transforming detection capabilities. Superconducting Microwire Single-Photon Detectors (SMSPDs) now offer enhanced sensitivity for high-energy particle experiments, supporting studies beyond the Standard Model (BSM).
Intersections of Quantum Science and High-Energy Physics
Quantum Information Science (QIS) inspires new theoretical models and innovative detector designs. Concepts from entanglement, tensor networks, black hole physics, and quantum error correction deepen understanding of fundamental physics. Quantum devices, such as SQUIDs, TESs, MKIDs, and transmon qubits, detect faint signals from dark matter candidates and exotic particles with unprecedented precision.
SMSPD: A Quantum Leap in Detection
Traditional detectors often struggle to balance sensitivity, spatial resolution, and timing. SNSPD technology, proven in quantum information and astronomy, achieves ultra-low energy thresholds and exceptional timing. Researchers at Fermilab, Caltech, and JPL developed SMSPD arrays with micrometer-width wires covering millimeter-square areas to meet accelerator experiment needs.
Fermilab Test Beam Results
- Detected 120 GeV protons, 8 GeV electrons, and pions.
- Fill factor-normalised detection efficiency: 60%.
- Time resolution: 1.15 ns.
- Spatial resolution: 30 μm for protons, 130 μm for electrons and pions.
CERN SPS Follow-Up
- 8-pixel 1×1 mm2 SMSPD arrays with 1 μm wires and 4.7 nm WSi film.
- Tested with 120 GeV hadrons and muons.
- Detection efficiency: 75%.
- Time resolution: 130 ps.
- First muon detection efficiency measured.
These results support the development of high-efficiency particle tracking for future colliders, including EIC, FCC-ee/hh, and Muon Collider.
The INQNET Programme
INQNET, founded by Caltech and AT&T in 2017, accelerates hybrid quantum networking and communication technologies. Partners include Fermilab and JPL, combining industry, academia, and national laboratories for research, rapid deployment, and large-scale infrastructure.
SMSPD sensor technologies were developed at JPL and commissioned at INQNET-Caltech labs, linking quantum sensing to both fundamental science and practical quantum network deployment. INQNET has established quantum network test beds like FQNET, demonstrating high-fidelity quantum teleportation over optical fibre.
This collaborative framework bridges quantum physics and functional technologies, paving the way for discoveries in matter, energy, space, and time.
