The United Nations aviation agency has declared that Russia is to blame for the downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 over eastern Ukraine in July 2014.
A Russian-made missile shot down the passenger jet, killing all 298 people on board.
The Kremlin has consistently denied any involvement in the aviation catastrophe.
The Russian Federation was found to have violated international air law, which mandates that states “refrain from resorting to the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight,” according to a vote made by the UN’s Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on Monday.