Although she will continue to hold top positions at its publisher, the 75-year-old fashion magnate, who was born in Britain, is quitting the job she has held for the longest.
Dame Anna will remain the chief content officer for Conde Nast, the parent company of Vogue, and the worldwide editorial director of the magazine.
In 2017, the late Queen Elizabeth II appointed her a dame for her contributions to journalism and fashion, and earlier this year, King Charles named her a Companion of Honour.
On Thursday, Dame Anna informed the staff that American Vogue will be introducing a new position called head of editorial content.
Dame Anna, who was born and raised in London, served as the editor of British Vogue before becoming the editor of its US sister magazine in 1988.